The semiconductors have the conductivity which is between the conductors and the insulators. Conduction in metals metals are filled with electrons. Hall effect in semiconductors drift velocity for an electron in the xdirection is. Semiconductor devices make modern information technology possible. Common for cse it course code category hours week credits maximum marks bsc101 foundation l t p foundation l t 3 1 4 3 1. Doped semiconductors ntype materials ptype materials diodes and transistors. Ee lecture handouts pdf format download adobe acrobat to read pdf files. Physics fundamental concepts of semiconductors nptel. Thermal equilibrium, carrier concentrations lecture 4. Nptel physics fundamental concepts of semiconductors.
Lecture 1 introduction on solid state devices youtube. Ppt semiconductor physics powerpoint presentation free to. When an electric field is applied, the electrons move in the direction opposite. The interesting feature about semiconductors is that they are bipolar and current is transported. New and improved devices are being developed at an. Lecture notes on power electronics veer surendra sai.
In early transistors, electrons can be treated purely as point particles. A semiconductor is a material that has a resistivity lies between that of a conductor and an insulator. Lecture 2 basic semiconductor physics in this lecture you will learn. Debroglie proposed the concept of matter waves, according to which a material particle of. Electronic and optoelectronic properties of semiconductors singh. Pn junction diode technology innovation and incubation. Basics of semiconductor devices indian institute of. A few circuits illustrating their applications will also be described. Most semiconductors are formed from elements from groups ii, iii, vi, v, vi of the periodic table. Jun 16, 2017 semiconductors ppt and pdf report free.
Physics 468 and flow of charge carriers in the semiconductor devices are within the solid itself, while in the earlier vacuum tubesvalves, the mobile electrons were obtained from a heated cathode and they were made to flow in an evacuated space or vacuum. Lecture 2 semiconductor physics i february 6, 2003 contents. The conductivity of a semiconductor material can be varied under an external electrical field. Nov 15, 2018 60 videos play all fundamentals of semiconductor devices iisc bangalore july 2018 7 essential knots you need to know duration. Semiconductor materials are a subclass of materials distinguished by the existence of a range of disallowed. Semiconductors are materials whose electronic properties are intermediate between those of metals and insulators. This semiconductor devices specialization is designed to be a deep dive into the fundamentals of the electronic devices that form the backbone of our current integrated circuits technology. If both types of dopants are present, the one present in higher concentration determines the type of the semiconductor. They have conductivities in the range of 10 4 to 10 4sm.
An introduction to semiconductor physics, technology, and. Physics semiconductor optoelectronics by national programme on technology enhanced learning. They are also called pn diodes in analogy with vacuum diodes. Page 1 introduction a semiconductor is a material that has a resistivity lies between that of a conductor and an insulator. Basics of semiconductor devices dinesh sharma microelectronics group. A semiconductor is a material that has a resistivity value in between that of a conductor and an insulator. Semiconductors ppt and pdf report free study mafia. Introduction semiconductors are materials whose electronic properties are intermediate between those of metals and insulators.
Material, devices and simple circuits to score high marks in exams, prepared by expert physics teachers from latest edition of cbsencert books. Ravindran, phy02e semiconductor physics, 26 december 2012. It progresses from basic diodes through bipolar and field effect transistors. Hall voltage is the potential di erence across the semiconductor that is produced by the hall eld. While the number of devices in complex integrated circuits increases and the size of chips decreases, semiconductor. Oct 09, 2014 an introduction to semiconductor physics, technology, and industry. Ee lecture notes university of california, berkeley. Introduction in order to understand the physics of semiconductor sc devices, we should first learn how atoms bond together to form the solids. Schubert quantum mechanics applied to semiconductor devices. One can imagine, the semiconductor industry is much more profitable than steel industry.
A pn junction is the metallurgical boundary between the n and pregions of a semiconductor crystal. Lecture 1 introduction to semiconductors and semiconductor. Thermal equilibrium, carrier concentrations lecture. Diffusion, electric potential and field, nonuniformly doped semiconductor.
In 1911 kamerlingh onnes and one of his assistants discovered the phenomenon of superconductivity while studying the resistance of metals at low temperatures. Devises made from semiconductor materials are the foundation of. No nptel information summary status courses lectures 1 nptel video courses 2003 to october 2018 completed 1164 49,523 2 nptel video courses january 2019 to april 2019 new courses 144 3 nptel video courses pdf transcription completed 1144 47,336 4 nptel video courses subtitle transcription completed 1129 46,243. This course seeks to cover the basics of semiconductor devices including the physics of energy bands, doping and carrier statistics and transport leading up to the understanding of common semiconductor devices including pn junctions and their applications, bjts and mosfets. Gilbert ece 340 lecture 9 091712 intrinsic carrier concentrations we recall that by using the density of states and the fermi function for electrons.
Theory of transistors and other semiconductor devices 1. But in nanoelectronics the position, energy and momentum of. Neudeck and pierret advanced semiconductor fundamentals dimitrijev understanding semiconductor devices mayer and lau electronic materials science colclaser and diehlnagle materials and devices for electrical engineers and physicists tipler physics for scientists and engineers v4. Thyristors 10kv,300a,30mw thyristor is a four layer three junction pnpn semiconductor switching device. Nptel material is available for free on nptel website. Introduction to mesoscopic physics download ebook pdf. Download semiconductor device fundamentals by robert f. But in nanoelectronics the position, energy and momentum of an electron must be described probabilistically. Applications illustrated with computergenerated animations. Such junctions show a pronounced rectifying behavior. Hall eld is an electric eld perpendicular to the direction of current ow generated by the hall e ect. Nptel syllabus condensed matter physics video course course outline this is an advanced course on condensed matter physics at postgraduate level and it is proposed to introduce students of physics to various fundamental concepts of condensed matter physics and materials science. Review of semiconductor physics a energy level diagrams showing the excitation of an electron from the valence band to the conduction band.
Introduction to nanoelectronics 9 x v u e in part 1, the quantum particle. Semiconductors, diodes, transistors horst wahl, quarknet presentation, june 2001 electrical conductivity. Nptel physics 43 placement preparation 7 nptel textile engineering 14 flipkart courses 39 gate preparation using nptel content 9 nptel courses for anna university syllabus 40 ies exam preparation using nptel content 55 bsnl management trainee general 29 nptel online certification courses 108. Weve learned about how physical phenomena can represent and communicate information, and will learn about how it can be input, stored, and output, but here we turn to the essential electronic devices that transform it. Applying on the sample the magnetic field b 0, 0, b r, a potential difference uh, called hall bias, appears between its lateral faces, on the direction normal to both e r. Most optical semiconductor devices are optoelectronic pnjunction devices, such as laser diodes, lightemitting diodes, and photodiodes.
Dec 28, 2008 lecture series on solid state devices by dr. Karmalkar, department of electrical engineering, iit madras. No external heating or large evacuated space is required by the semiconductor devices. The goal of this text, as its name implies, is to allow the reader to become proficient in the analysis and design of circuits utilizing discrete semiconductor devices. Writing a book on semiconductor device physics and design is never complete and probably never completely satisfying. Pn junctions consist of two semiconductor regions of opposite type. Lecture 1 introduction to semiconductor devices reading. Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. Basic crystal structure of semiconductors electrons and holes in semiconductors intrinsic semiconductors extrinsic semiconductors ndoped and pdoped semiconductors ece 315 spring 2005 farhan rana cornell university. Multiple choice questions and answers on semiconductor theory. Lectures from the national programme on technology enhanced learning physics semiconductor optoelectronics. Optoelectronic semiconductor devices principals and.
Power semiconductor devices are broadly categorized into 3 types. Atom is composed of a nucleus which contains protons and neutrons. Lecture 2 semiconductor physics i september, 2005 contents. The text is intended for use in a first or second year course on semiconductors at the associate or baccalaureate level. Pierret although roughly a halfcentury old, the field of study associated with semiconductor devices continues to be dynamic and exciting. Ec is the lowest possible conduction band energy, while ev is the highest possible valence band energy. Calculation of density of state for free electrons. Introduction to semiconductors and semiconductor devices a background equalization lecture reading. Similarly, holes are the majority carriers in a semiconductor doped with acceptors and it is termed p type.
If you are not able to download lectures due to bandwidth constraints, you can obtain the courses in dvds by paying a nominal fee to cover the cost of storage media and distribution. You will gain valuable experience in semiconductor physics, pn junctions, metal semiconductor contacts, bipolar junction transistors, metaloxide. The main interest in the field of optoelectronic devices has shifted from device physics and operation principles to device applications. We shall concentrate largely on elemental semiconducors such as silicon or germanium, and most numerical values used for examples are speci c to silicon. I wasnt wellversed in semiconductor physics or technology. Free electron theory of metals and concept of fermi energy. Semiconductor ii silicon is the most common material used to build semiconductor devices. The resultant free electron can freely move under the application of electric field.
Click download or read online button to get introduction to mesoscopic physics book now. New and improved devices are being developed at an almost frantic pace. The conductivity of a semiconductor material can be varied under an external electric field. Lecture 2 basic semiconductor physics cornell university. The semiconductor materials, lecture notes for mse 223 by e. It was first discovered by the dutch physicist heike kamerlingh onnes, who was the first to liquefy helium which boils at 4. Charged particle motion, collisions, plasma fluid theory, waves in cold plasmas, wave propagation through inhomogeneous plasmas, magnetohydrodynamic fluids and waves in warm plasmas. While its rather easy to understand what a transistor does. Fundamentals of semiconductor devices about the course.
The conductivity of a semiconductor material can be varied under an. It is seen that the richness of quantum physics will greatly a ect the future generation technologies in many aspects. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Vertical cavity surface emitting laser vcsel pdf unavailable.
Ravindran, phy02e semiconductor physics, autum 20 17 december. Power semiconductor devices the first scr was developed in late 1957. The semiconductor materials used in electronic devices are doped under precise conditions to control the concentration and regions of p and ntype dopants. Multiple choice questions and answers by sasmita january 9, 2020 multiple choice questions and answers on semiconductor theory in addition to reading the questions and answers on my site, i would suggest you to check the following, on amazon, as well. Yu and cardona, fundamentals of semiconductors, springer verlag 1996 1. Many of these, typically one or two per atom in the metal, are free to move about throughout the metal. Introduction to plasma physics this is considered as a complete set of lecture notes for a graduate plasma physics course. Applications of pn junctions and details of metalsemiconductor. Try one of the apps below to open or edit this item. The semiconductor equations relating these variables are given below. Jan 09, 2020 multiple choice questions and answers by sasmita january 9, 2020 multiple choice questions and answers on semiconductor theory in addition to reading the questions and answers on my site, i would suggest you to check the following, on amazon, as well.
Wave mechanics applied to semiconductor heterostructures bastard. J x qn where j is the current density, n is the number of carriers and q is the charge defining the hall coefficient, r h 1qn, then e. Solid state physics part ii optical properties of solids. Alan doolittle lecture 1 introduction to semiconductor devices reading. The pn junction is a versatile element, which can be used as a. A unique feature of the semiconductors is that they are bipolar in nature and in them, the current is transported by the electrons and holes. Under the action of the external electric field e e, 0, 0 r, through the semiconductor sample flows a current i. Semiconductor and simple circuitsnot to be republished. When a doped semiconductor contains mostly free holes it is called ptype, and when it contains mostly free electrons it is known as ntype. Distributed under creative commons attributionsharealike cc bysa.